Daily Static MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams - Polity (12 December 2023)

Daily Static MCQs Quiz for UPSC, IAS, UPPSC/UPPCS, MPPSC. BPSC, RPSC & All State PSC Exams

Subject : Polity (12 December 2023)

1. Consider the following statements with reference to the electoral system of India:

1. Territorial electoral system has been adopted for Rajya Sabha , while proportional system has been adopted for Lok Sabha.
2. Proportional representation system ensures the rights of minorities.

Which of the above statements is/are correct ?

(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (B)

Explanation: The system of proportional representation has been adopted for the Rajya Sabha, while the system of territorial representation has been adopted for the Lok Sabha. Under the territorial representation system, each member of the legislature represents a certain territory. Under this system , the candidate who receives the most votes is declared the winner. Whereas under the proportional representation system, regional discrimination has to be eliminated. Under this system, everyone is provided representation on the basis of their numbers. Therefore, it promotes minority and collective interests. Hence, statement 1 is not correct , while statement 2 is correct.


2. Consider the following statements related to the Comptroller and Auditor General -

1. He cannot audit the accounts of expenditure relating to the Consolidated Fund of the States.
2. CAG has control over the withdrawal of funds from the Consolidated Fund of India.

Which of the above is/are correct ?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (D)

Explanation: The CAG can examine all the expenditure accounts of the Consolidated Fund of India , the Consolidated Fund of every State and the Consolidated Fund of every Union Territory having a Legislative Assembly. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
CAG has no control over the withdrawal of funds from the Consolidated Fund of India . Many departments can withdraw money without the permission of CAG. The role of CAG is only to audit after the expenditure is incurred. Parliament has control over the Consolidated Fund of India , for which Appropriation Bill has to be brought. Hence statement 2 is not correct.


3. Consider the following statements:

1. The principle of judicial review is based on the inconsistency of both fundamental rights and directive principles.
2. Only the Supreme Court has the right of judicial review and not the High Court.
3. The principle of judicial review has been taken from England.

How many of the above statements are correct ?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All Three
(d) None

Answer: (D)

Explanation: According to Article 13 of the Indian Constitution, any law which is inconsistent with or abridges the fundamental rights can be declared void to the extent of inconsistency. This is called the principle of judicial review.
Whereas any law inconsistent with the Directive Principles of Policy cannot be declared void. Judicial review is exercised by both the Supreme Court and the High Court. On the basis of Article 32 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court and according to Article 226, the High Court can exercise judicial review.
The concept of judicial review has been taken from the United States . This principle originated in the year 1803 in America in the Marbury vs. Madison case . Then America's Chief Justice John Marshall propounded this principle . Therefore, the above three statements are not correct.


4. Consider the following statements:

Statement I :
In the Hindi translation of the Preamble of the Constitution, the word 'panthnirpeksha' has been used in place of Dharmnirpeksha.
Statement II :
In India, religion is related to the way of life , while sect is related to the method of worship.

Regarding the above statements , which one of the following is correct ?

(a) Both Statement- I and Statement II are correct and Statement- II is the correct explanation of Statement- I .
(b) Both Statement- I and Statement- II are correct and Statement- II is not the correct explanation of Statement- I .
(c) Statement- I is correct but Statement- II is not correct
(d) Statement I is not correct but statement II is correct

Answer: (A)

Explanation: In the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, the word 'Panthnirpeksha' has been used in place of the ‘Dharmnirpeksha' in Hindi. The word Panthnirpeksha was added to the Preamble through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. Hence Statement-I is correct.
People of different religions like Hinduism, Muslim religion, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism etc. live in India. Each sect has its own beliefs, values, ethics, conduct etc. Therefore, as a secular state, the Government of India cannot favor any sect. It should remain neutral and impartial towards all sects.
In the Indian Constitution, the Hindi translation of the word ‘secular’ has been made as panthnirpeksha, not Dharmnirpeksha. Religion in India is related to a way of life. Religion affects all aspects of a person's life, including his beliefs, values, morals, conduct, etc., whereas creed is related only to religious rituals and beliefs. Whereas in Europe the words 'Religion' and 'Mazahab' of Islam and 'Panth' of India are synonymous words which underline the method of worship. Hence, Statement-II is correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.


5. Consider the following statements:

1. In Nagaland, the Parliament of the country cannot make laws related to religion, social and land without the consent of the State Legislative Assembly.
2. Nagaland gained full statehood in 1963 after an agreement between the Center and the Naga People's Convention.

Which of the above is/are correct?

(a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (C)

Explanation: In Nagaland, the Parliament cannot make laws with respect to social customs, traditional rules, laws, and practices associated with the Naga religion without the approval of the State Assembly.
Article 371A is in Part XXI of the Indian Constitution is a special provision in relation to the State of Nagaland (Naga Hills, Tuensang area). It was included in the Constitution in the year 1962. In July 1960, following a 16-point agreement between the central government and the Naga People's Convention (NPC), the state of Nagaland was created. Under this agreement, Nagaland was made a constituent state of the Indian Union.
Under this agreement, the Government of India recognized the establishment of Nagaland as a full-fledged state. Nagaland achieved statehood in 1963, and a democratically elected government took power in 1964.
Hence both statement 1 and 2 are correct.