Dark Pattern:

Deceptive practices in online interfaces, coined by Harry Brignul in 2010, manipulating users into choices against their best interests.

Categories of Dark Patterns

• Forced Action: Coercing users into unwanted actions.
• Excessive Data Disclosure: Requiring more personal data than necessary.
• Interface Interference: Emphasizing options favorable to the business.
• Nagging: Persistently prompting users for business-centric settings.
• Sneaking: Adding hidden, non-optional charges at checkout.
• Social Proof: Displaying others' purchasing activities.
• Urgency: Imposing time pressure with countdown timers on deals.

Effects on Consumers

• Erosion of autonomy and privacy
• Financial and time losses
• Psychological distress
• Distorted competition

Regulations

• Draft Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns, 2023
• "Dark patterns" infringement on "consumer rights" (Consumer Protection Act, 2019)